Definition and principle of gas sensors
Description
气体传感器是可以检测和测量环境中不同气体浓度的设备。它们可以同时检测一种气体或多种气体的存在。这些传感器广泛用于许多不同的应用,包括工业、医疗、环境和汽车行业。
传感器材料的物理、化学或电气特性发生变化,这是由气体的存在引起的。目前最常见的气体传感器类型使用电化学、半导体、热和光学检测方法。
气体与电极和电解质发生反应,产生与气体浓度成正比的电流。电化学气体传感器广泛用于检测有毒气体,如一氧化碳(CO)、二氧化氮(NO2)和硫化氢(H2S)。
气体分子吸附在半导体表面,从而改变其电性能。测量电导率的变化并用于确定气体浓度。半导体气体传感器通常用于检测爆炸性气体,如甲烷(CH4)和丙烷(C3H8)。
在气体的导热系数中。当气体与加热的灯丝或电阻器接触时,其导热系数会发生变化,从而导致灯丝或电阻器的温度发生变化。测量这种温度变化并用于确定气体浓度。热式气体传感器通常用于检测可燃气体,如天然气和丁烷。
气体与特定波长的光相互作用,被气体吸收或透射。吸收或透射的光量与气体浓度成正比,测量气体浓度以确定气体浓度。光学气体传感器通常用于检测在紫外或红外光谱中透明的气体,例如臭氧 (O3)、二氧化碳 (CO2) 和甲烷 (CH4)。
gas sensors are devices that are used to detect and measure the concentration of different gases in the environment. The functioning of gas sensors is based on detecting a change in the physical, chemical, or electrical properties of the sensor material, which is caused by the presence of a gas. The most common types of gas sensors available today use electrochemical, semiconductor, thermal, and optical detection methods, each of which has different advantages and limitations. The selection of a gas sensor depends on the application requirements, such as the type of gas to be detected, the concentration range, and the environmental conditions.
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