Background:

Electrochemical sensors are devices that measure the concentration of various substances by detecting changes in the electrical properties of samples. These sensors are commonly used in applications such as environmental monitoring, medical diagnostics and industrial process control. An electrochemical sensor consists of electrodes and an electrolyte solution. Electrodes are usually made of conductive material, such as gold, silver, or platinum, and coated with an active material, such as an enzyme or polymer. An electrolyte solution is a liquid containing ions that can participate in electrochemical reactions that occur on the surface of the electrode.

When the sample is introduced into the sensor, it interacts with the active layer on the electrode, causing a change in the electrode's electrical properties. This change is detected by measuring the current or potential difference between the electrode and the reference electrode.

Electrochemical sensor type introduction:

There are several types of electrochemical sensors, including potential sensors, amperometric sensors, and impedance sensors. These sensors work differently, but they all rely on the electrochemical properties of the sample to generate signals.

The potential sensor measures the potential difference between the electrode and the reference electrode. This potential difference is proportional to the concentration of the target substance in the sample. Potential sensors are commonly used to measure the concentration of ions, such as pH, potassium, and sodium.

An amperometric sensor measures the current generated by an electrochemical reaction occurring on the surface of an electrode. This current is proportional to the concentration of the target substance in the sample. Amperometric sensors are commonly used to measure concentrations of gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, as well as biomolecules, such as glucose and cholesterol.

Impedance sensors measure the resistance of an electrolyte solution to the flow of current. This resistance is proportional to the concentration of the target substance in the sample. Impedance sensors are commonly used to measure the concentration of biological molecules, such as proteins and DNA.

The advantages of electrochemical sensor ：

Electrochemical sensors have several advantages over other types of sensors. They're highly sensitive, with detection limited to one part in a billion. They are also highly selective and capable of detecting specific target substances in complex sample matrices. In addition, electrochemical sensors are easy to carry and use, making them ideal for field applications.

One of the most common applications of electrochemical sensors is environmental monitoring. Electrochemical sensors are used to measure concentrations of pollutants such as heavy metals and organic compounds in air, water and soil. The sensors are also used to monitor drinking water quality and detect pipe leaks.

Electrochemical sensors are also used in medical diagnosis. For example, amperometric sensors are used to measure glucose concentrations in the blood of people with diabetes. Potential sensors are used to measure the pH of urine. To diagnose urinary tract infections.

In addition to environmental monitoring and medical diagnosis. Electrochemical sensors are also used in industrial process control. These sensors are used to monitor the concentration of chemicals in industrial processes, such as the production of pharmaceuticals and semiconductors.

Closing remarks:

In short, electrochemical detectors are versatile and powerful tools for measuring a variety of substances. They are highly sensitive and selective and suitable for a variety of applications, including environmental monitoring, medical diagnostics and industrial process control. As it continues to evolve and improve, electrochemical sensors will continue to play a vital role in improving our understanding of the world around us.